Medical Center, Dr. Michalak Underground Medicine Newsletter ----- -----
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Why do I wash in cold water? 1/4, hydrogen ions H+
In the current paper continues the topic of balance acid-base balance.
H + ions.
Whether the solution is acidic or alkaline, decides concentration of hydrogen ions H +. In pure water this concentration is 0.0000001mol / l or 10 ^ -7 mol / l or 100 nmol / l. This corresponds to pH = 7 If the concentration of these ions increases 10x, it will be a 10 ^ -6 pH = 6 We then acidic environment. If the 10x decrease is will amount to 10 ^ -8 or pH = 8 We then alkaline environment. pH human blood is in the range 7.35-7.45, which means that the concentration H + ions are within 35 to 45 nmol / l. (As a reminder, a mole is 602300000000000000000000 pieces. Otherwise, 6023 * 10 ^ 23)
This is quite different inside the cell. Here, the concentration of ions Hydrogen is about 100 nmol / L or pH = 7.0. Inside the cell concentrations of various ions are quite different than outside. It is So this completely different space fluid from a completely other regulatory mechanisms for different ions. Mid table content of major ions inside and outside the cell presented in Table 1 (middle column).
Description of the table:
PAC - extracellular fluid PWK - intracellular fluid ŁGELCH - the total electrochemical gradient (Sum of gradient and electrical stężeniowego)
Substance PZK PWK ŁGELCH -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------
Na + (mmol / l) 140 12 155 mV
K + (mmol / l) 4 150 -6 mV
Ca + + (mmol / l) 1.2 0.0001 300 mV
Mg + + (mmol / l) 1.5 30 80 mV
Cl - (mmol / l) 110 4 0 mV
(HCO3) - (mmol / l) 27 10 -65 mV
(PO4) 3 - (HPO4) 2 -, 2 60 strongly negative (H2PO4) - (mmol / l)
Protein (g / l) 20 160 strong negative
H + (nmol / l) 40 100 65
Membrane electric potential
The actual "power" efforts to equalize concentrations on both sides membrane must take more tension that prevails in the the cell membrane and which is a maximum of -90 mV. Negative interior pulls and pushes the positive ions, negative ions. These voltage is very high for the conditions of cells and is able to maintain / produce approximately 30-fold gradient of monovalent ions (Na +, K +, Cl-) and approximately 1000-fold gradient of divalent ions (Ca + +, Mg + +). Gradient stężeniowy converting the corresponding electrical gradient, we can add to the potential gradient stężeniowy membrane (-90mV). Then we get the total electrochemical gradient saying, how strong is the desire of individual ions to compensate concentrations on both sides of the membrane. It is presented in the last column of Table 1 Positive sign indicates that the ion is drawn to cells, a negative sign that it is pushed out.
The rate of concentration equalization depends on the ease with which the ions pass through the membrane. For example, chloride ions Cl-a easily pass through the membrane, which is the gradient stężeniowy almost always corresponds to the electric voltage on the membrane. The higher voltage, the more negative ions are forced out of cells.
The Na + ions, which are difficult to pass through the membrane of both stężeniowy gradient and electric are trying to pull these ions measure. Cell with an effort of Na + ions pumped out of the cell, contrary to both gradients. Ok. 20% of the total amount of energy produced in the body is is consumed by so-called. sodium-potassium pump, which is non-stop sodium pumped from the cell against the gradient and stężeniowemu maintaining the life-giving electrical voltage across the cell membrane. As for potassium (K +), then both gradietny almost cancel out. Gradient stężeniowy slightly prevails, which makes potassium must be actively pumped into the cell. You do not need it, however, much energy because it pulls strongly negative interior.
Calcium and magnesium ions are characterized by a relatively large gradient electrochemical, luckily they poorly penetrate the membrane and the cell does not consume so much energy to maintain this gradient, which in the case of Na +.
The decrease rate of energy production in the cell will always reflect the voltage across the cell membrane, and this will always cause changes in ion concentrations on both sides of the membrane, and in particular inside the cell.
Also, the hydrogen ion concentration of H + with some limitations become unstable. We see that although the cell is more H + ions than outside, the total electrochemical gradient pulls the ions into measure. Cell has to be so actively pump out.
Do not want to go deeper into the above considerations, because I'd probably State bored. But I want to show everyone that the case is quite complicated and to be able to judge anything, you have to go deep in the about these phenomena.
General conclusion is that the environment inside the cell is "A completely different world." The chemical composition of the world in a small way depends on the diet of the constitution and to a large interindividual and efficiency processes of energy production. This translates to the chemical composition then the efficiency of the overlap of various other important biochemical processes in the cell, details of which are often only Explore.
tbc ...
MD Piotr Krzysztof Michalak ---- To receive the Newsletter, please visit www.drMichalak.pl and Enter your email address. --- If you believe that someone of your friends would add to the information from this Bulletin - send it to him now that e-mails ... --- I note that the newsletter contains the most knowledge not recognized of academic medicine. ---
