but one of the diets are known in different countries under the names of other authors. As the examples mentioned in the American diet, Dr. Atkins, who actually is similar to the optimum and the French. Montignac.
The claim about the identity of these models comes from feeding the rule of paragraph layman, who often do not know any of them.
As already discussed the method of Atkins is also worth looking at the recommendations of a French nutritionist. The author himself, unlike many authors diet is a doctor and so he is familiar with the basic rights of biochemistry
and physiology. Montignac is not and never has been a clinician, and tied his career since the beginning of the pharmaceutical company where he held managerial positions. To develop a model of self-feeding led him overweight, due to frequent visits to restaurants, which were necessary for professional purposes. Their search based on the knowledge gained from the study and their own observations.
The author saw the relationship of his countrymen less morbidity
of cardiovascular disease with the way their diet, which is rich in butter, olives and pates. Simultaneously, the French avoid such things as sandwiches with jam and cereals. This is called the phenomenon of French cuisine. Therefore, Montignac diet is addressed mainly to his countrymen, who for various reasons beyond the boarders of the house.
In addition to dietary author also advises on how to behave during business lunches, receptions and visits to refusal to eat certain foods, was not treated as an affront. What therefore is the method of Montignac?
The first author's observation is that it does not take the weight, because we eat too much, but eat badly. To introduce the reader to the topic, presents the first distribution of nutrients in the B, T, W, vitamins, minerals and water.
Especially a lot of space is devoted to carbohydrates, which are according to him, the most important in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular disease.
His breakdown of sugars is based on the glycemic index CJG, namely their ability to raise blood glucose levels.
High JG makes after eating food containing the sugar, glucose levels significantly increased, which leads to a greater burst of insulin. Good carbohydrates are those that have a low rate such as vegetables, soybeans, fructose, chocolate, fruit, dark bread. Also, dietary fat is divided into good and bad, depending on the ability to raise cholesterol levels.
Considered good fats, animal and are harmful, because after eating a dangerously increased blood cholesterol. As for protein author notes that the full composition of the amino acid to contain only protein, but recommends eating both products of plant and animal, so that the diet was balanced.
This should provide approximately 1 g B / kg m.c. - For adults, and slightly more for children during growth. As a very important component of dietary fiber is also recommended, which accelerates peristalsis and protects against many diseases.
You should consume it in quantities of 40 g / day, while the average supply is a little over 10 g / day.
An important element of the theory of Montignac is to reject the myth of calories, which for half a century of shaping eating habits.
The author discusses the history of American doctors Newburgh and Johnston, who in 1930 announced his discovery, and after further research shunned away from him. 5 years which have elapsed since that time led to the adoption in science their theory. Until now widely accepted that obesity is caused by excessive caloric diet.
The author explains that the reduction in the number of calories in foods you get used to it, and re-deposition will increase the excess - yo-yo effect.
The cause of obesity is considered excessive secretion of insulin caused by the supply of "bad" carbs, especially fats, which categorically prohibits, as are converted into glycogen, the excess lipid accumulates. Poor nutrition is also a cause of atherosclerosis, because 70% of cholesterol in blood comes from the sugars produced in the liver, and only 30% of dietary fats.
The author recommends the intake of unsaturated fats, which act against atherothrombotic, and can be found for example in fish.
Factor influencing the cardiovascular system is also the alcohol consumed in large quantities is converted to glucose and increased insulin secretion.
Wine drunk with moderation on the impact of preferred because it raises the level of HDL.W to facilitate the application of his method to lose excess weight and stay healthy Montignac gives recommendations on the two stages.
Step 1: weight loss - it lasts from several weeks to several months, or until such time due to weight.
General recommendations include:
Elimination of sugar and honey (artificial sweetener permitted)
Resignation of the bread (or dark and allowed only in the morning)
Discontinuation of starch (high GI)
Withdrawal of rice and corn, pasta (especially white flour)
Limitation of fruit (including juice) - you can eat them alone, and always with a skin
The total withdrawal from alcohol and coffee, because caffeine increases the secretion of insulin.
In this step, two steps are recommended for breakfast:
1. fat-free - fruit, whole grain bread, skimmed cottage cheese, skim milk, weak tea without sugar
2. without carbohydrate - eggs, bacon, ham, cheese. Entrees must be so formulated to include protein and fat + fiber such as fish or meat with vegetables.
Dinner should contain protein and fats (fish, eggs) or products containing good carbs (brown rice, vegetables).
Stage Two - to maintain body weight - no longer apply to their lives.
The basic principles are:
* Continue the elimination of sugar or honey
* Eating only bread and wholegrain breakfast with only a small amount of fat
* Starch is eliminated
* Eats only fruits on an empty stomach
* Desserts are acceptable
* Coffee is still banned
* Do not mix carbs with fats bad
* Do not drink with the meal as it dilutes digestive juices and impairs the absorption of
* Should choose products with good lipids (margarine instead of butter)
Quite a lot of space the author devotes the virtues of wine, especially red, which can be consumed in the second stage to 0.5 l / day.
Wine, according to him is doing "wonderful" for health and refers
the quotes of many famous historical figures, among other things Hippocrates. Also, chocolate is very healthy, but eaten on an empty stomach.
Montignac is not a supporter of sport in order to lose weight.
Believes that physical causes only use glycogen reserves, leaving fat. Long-lasting sport it is in moderation with appropriate balancing of the diet.
Analyzing the recommendation of Dr. Montignac in the first place is striking that the addressee is a person subject to professional to meals at various restaurants. The author refers frequently to the properties of exotic papers and give what you can pick them so as not to arouse interest in his fellow guests.
For example, advises that in the first stage, pretend to drink wine, because the refusal may be reckoned for the indiscretion, or a split put bread on the side of the plate, and it is not, for the Polish reader must seem ridiculous.Transfer of almost the entire diet of ground restaurants, may be hurdle for some people, but of course I can use at home. The basis for the creation of the method was to base it on the mechanism of action of insulin.
The author has rightly pointed out that both obesity and many diseases are caused by high secretion of the hormone, which is a consequence of diet.
Montignac The main idea is to reduce insulin secretion by reducing the supply of sugars with a high GI. Montignac recognizes that the biggest cause of health damage increasing intake of sugar. He says even with it causes more harm than alcohol and drugs together, and you may of course agree.
Although this diet is significantly different from the optimal diet is easy to see that in the first stage is eliminated, most of which are not eaten for optimal nutrition, and therefore significantly decreases the amount of carbohydrates eaten, which in itself must deliver.
Resignation from bad carbohydrates affect the total reduction in their consumption and reduces the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.Adoption of the IG as the sole indicator of carbohydrate selection is not a good solution because it determines the amount consumed.
Excess carbohydrates, even those with a low GI, and so require an increase in insulin secretion. Same classification of sugars also is not perfect, because it does not take into account the fate of individual particles after absorption. Fructose example, has a very low GI but only because it is almost entirely converted to triglycerides in the liver, which accelerates the launch of insulin provoked by glucose, both sugars are in foods usually together.
Quite a serious mistake in the method is recognized as bad as saturated fats cause an increase in cholesterol level. Moreover, the author writes in several places that sugars are responsible for this.
Animal fats are also delayed, if they are eaten with carbohydrates. They are a great source of energy and for this purpose are used by the body, but excess sugar is transformed to fat and ground stores.
Recommended by Montignac, in principle, coincides with the current dietary recommendations. Fiber, as a substance is totally indigestible to man practically required, and in excess can be harmful. Currently, more and more reports about its carcinogenic effect. Eliminating caffeine from your diet is certainly not harmful, but can not agree that it stimulated the secretion of insulin. It is true that caffeine may cause a slight elevation of glucose but does not involve the pancreatic hormone reproachfully.
Recommendation of the consumption of wine, there is no physiological justification in principle.
The well-known quotations doctors can find mention of the miraculous properties of almost any subject, but does not always have to be grounded in reality.
Sam alcohol in small amounts is not harmful and may favorably affect blood circulation. Alcohol needed to digest certain amounts of insulin are, however, contrary to what he says Montignac, it is not transformed to glucose but acetaldehyde.
Indeed adversely affected by a sugar found in alcoholic beverages such as beer.
Wrong is the author also argues that the sport does not reduce body weight.
Long-term physical forcing the body to release the backup materials, such as fat tissue. Just look at the athletes to note that they are usually slim silhouette.
Another example is the Polish polar explorer Kaminski, who marched through the pole lose several kilograms, although it eats 6000 - 8000 cal per day.
In conclusion, the Montignac diet contains a very important part of reducing carbohydrate intake, but you can not compare it with optimal nutrition.
Most diets restrict calories and animal products is very harmful, as well as the author notes, but we recommend to reduce its consumption of animal fats can not be recommended.
Application of this method can in many cases result in weight loss, but it certainly will not lead to the cure of diseases considered incurable.
Lek. Przemyslaw Pala, MD
Optimal medical consultant.
Ps. Developed based on the book by Michael Montignac
Fri "Diet for a businessman"
